Drum L3

Created Mittwoch 21 Juni 2017

A bottle model with non-ideal phase separation and level-dependent outlet states. Four inlet and four outlet ports are provided.

1. Purpose of Model

Bottles are high pressure storage vessels usually applied for taking the liquid water expelled from the boiler during start up (Often theses vessels are referred to as 'start-up bottles'). The characteristics of the heat and mass transfer between the liquid and vapour phase are defined in the three cases by varying the parameters in the parameter dialogue's tab "Phase Separation".

2. Level of Detail, Physical Effects Considered and Physical Insight

2.1 Level of Detail

Referring to Brunnemann et al. [2], this model refers to the level of detail L3 because the system is modelled with the use of balance equations applied to two distinct zones, i.e. the vapour volume and the liquid volume.

2.2 Physical Effects Considered

dynamic mass conservation in the vapour and liquid volume
dynamic energy conservation in the vapour and liquid volume, neglecting changes in kinetic energy
pressure differences due to friction and geostatic pressure
non-ideal, level-dependent phase separation
energy storage in the tank walls
optional insulation and heat losses to the environment

2.3 Level of Insight

Heat Transfer

Pressure Loss

PhaseSeparation

RealSeparated: non-ideal phase separation, state at ports depend on filling level and state of the distinct zones.

3. Limits of Validity

the phase separation model assumes constant values for the inter-phase heat transfer and the time constants for mass transfer between the phases.

4. Interfaces

5. Nomenclature

6. Governing Equations

6.1 System Description and General model approach

The model applies balances for mass and energy for the tank volume. There is separate balancing of steam and liquid phase. The model instantiates a Basics:ControlVolumes:FluidVolumes:VolumeVLE L3 TwoZonesNPort

6.2 General Model Equations

The heat losses to the ambient are calculated as follows

Summary

A summary is available including the following:

an outline record:

please note that there is further summary data available from the instantiated class Basics:ControlVolumes:FluidVolumes:VolumeVLE L3 TwoZones

7. Remarks for Usage

it is strongly recommended to initialise this model with a fixed level.
see phase separation model for usage of Phase Separation parameters
this model is often used in combination with a steam separator (aka steam cyclone) which can be modelled using

SteamSeparatorVLE L1. Sometimes the steam separator and the start-up bottle are merged into a start up bottle with tangential steam inlets. In this case we recommend SteamSeparatorVLE L3.

8. Validation

9. References

[1] Karl Strauß: "Power Plant Technology for Exploitation of Fossil, Nuclear and Regenerative Energy" (in German), Springer, 6th edition, 2009.

[2] Johannes Brunnemann and Friedrich Gottelt, Kai Wellner, Ala Renz, André Thüring, Volker Röder, Christoph Hasenbein, Christian Schulze, Gerhard Schmitz, Jörg Eiden: "Status of ClaRaCCS: Modelling and Simulation of Coal-Fired Power Plants with CO2 capture", 9th Modelica Conference, Munich, Germany, 2012

10. Authorship and Copyright Statement for original (initial) Contribution

Author:
DYNCAP/DYNSTART development team, Copyright 2011 - 2022.
Remarks:
This component was developed during DYNCAP/DYNSTART projects.
Acknowledgements:
ClaRa originated from the collaborative research projects DYNCAP and DYNSTART. Both research projects were supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (FKZ 03ET2009 and FKZ 03ET7060).
CLA:
The author(s) have agreed to ClaRa CLA, version 1.0. See https://claralib.com/pdf/CLA.pdf
By agreeing to ClaRa CLA, version 1.0 the author has granted the ClaRa development team a permanent right to use and modify his initial contribution as well as to publish it or its modified versions under the 3-clause BSD License.

11. Version History

27.10.2017 -v 1.0.0 - initial implementation derived from the drum model - Friedrich Gottelt, XRG Simulation